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Biodiesel meets ASTM D-6751 and is NOT the same as raw veggie oil |
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- Biodiesel fuel is produced through a refining process called "transesterification."
- Anything called biodiesel in the U.S. must meet strict industry specifications, referred to as ASTM D-6751. Raw vegetable oil cannot meet these specifications.
National standards for biodiesel | Comparison of different national standards for biodiesel | | - | Europe | Austria | Czech Republic | France | Germany | Italy | Sweden | USA | Australia | Standard /
Specification | EN 14214 | ON C1191 | CSN 65 6507 | Journal Officiel | DIN V 51606 | UNI 10635 | SS 155436 | ASTM D-6751
| Fuel Standard (Biodiesel) Determination | | Date | 2003 | July 1997 | Sep 1998 | Sep 1997 | Sep 1997 | April 1997 | Nov 1996 | Jan
2002 | Sept 2003 | | Application | FAME | FAME | RME | VOME | FAME | VOME | VOME | FAMAE | - | Density
15°C g/cm | 0.86 -0.90 | 0.85 - 0.89 | 0.87 - 0.89 | 0.87 - 0.90 | 0.875 - 0.90 | 0.86 -0.90 | 0.87 - 0.90 | - | 860 to 890 kg/m3 | | Viscos. 40°C mm2/s | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 3.5-5.0 | 1.9-6.0 | 3.5-5.0 | Distillat.
95% °C | - | - | - | <360 | - | <360 | - | 90% @ 360°C
| <360 | | Flashpoint °C | >120 | >100 | >110 | >100 | >110 | >100 | >100 | >130 (150 av.)
| >120 | CFPP °C
(cold filter plugging point) | *country specific | 0/-15 | -5 | - | 0/-10/-20 | - | -5 | - | - | | Pour point °C | - | - | - | <-10 | - | <0/
<-15 | - | - | - | Sulfur
% mass | <10 mg/kg | <0.02 | <0.02 | - | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.001 | <0.05 | 50 mg/kg (max)
10 mg/kg (max) (from 1 Feb 2006) | CCR 100%
% mass | - | <0.05 | <0.05 | - | <0.05 | - | - | - | - | 10% dist. resid.
% mass | <0.3 | - | - | <0.3 | - | <0.5 | - | - | - | Sulfated ash
% mass | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | - | <0.03 | - | - | <0.02 | <0.02 | (Oxid) Ash
% mass | - | - | - | - | - | <0.01 | <0.01 | - | - | | Water mg/kg | <500 | - | <500 | <200 | <300 | <700 | <300 | <0.05% vol. (water & sediment) | <0.05% vol
(water & sediment) | | Total contam. mg/kg | <24 | - | <24 | - | <20 | - | <20 | - | <24 | | Cu-Corros. 3h/50°C | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | <No.3 | <10 mg/kg sulfur Class 1 (max)
>10 mg/kg sulfur No. 3 (max) | | Oxidation stability hrs;110°C | 6 hours min | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 hours min | | Cetane No. | >51 | >49 | >48 | >49 | >49 | - | >48 | >47 | >51 | Neutral. No.
(Acid value) mgKOH/g | <0.5 | <0.8 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.6 | <0.8 | <0.8 | Methanol
% mass | <0.20 | <0.20 | - | <0.1 | <0.3 | <0.2 | <0.2 | - | <0.2 | Ester content
% mass | >96.5 | - | - | >96.5 | - | >98 | >98 | - | >96.5 | Monoglyceride.
% mass | <0.8 | - | - | <0.8 | <0.8 | <0.8 | <0.8 | - | - | Diglyceride
% mass | <0.2 | - | - | <0.2 | <0.4 | <0.2 | <0.1 | - | - | Triglyceride
% mass | <0.2 | - | - | <0.2 | <0.4 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | - | Free glycerol
% mass | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | Total glycerol
% mass | <0.25 | <0.24 | <0.24 | <0.25 | <0.25 | - | - | <0.24 | <0.25 | | Iodine No. | <120 | <120 | - | <115 | <115 | - | <125 | - | - | | Linolenic acid ME %mass | <12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | C18:3 and high. unsat.acids
% mass | - | <15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | C(x:4) & greater unsaturated esters % mass | <1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Phosphor
mg/kg | <10 | <20 | <20 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <0.001% mass | <10 | | Ramsbottom carbon residue, % mass | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.10 | - | | Carbon residue | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | <0.050% by mass | <0.30% mass (10% distillation residue)
<0.050% mass (100% distillation sample) | | Gp I metals (Na,K) mg/kg | <5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | <5 | | Gp II metals (Ca,Mg) mg/kg | <5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | <5 | | Alkalinity mg/kg | - | - | <10 | <5 | <5 | - | <10 | - | - |
RME: Rapeseed oil methyl ester
FAME: Fatty acid methyl ester
VOME: Vegetable oil methyl ester
FAMAE: Fatty acid mono alkyl ester
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Biodiesel Basics 
